我们必须提供不同的演讲任务来激活我们不同的说话过程。这些任务应该能激发出真正代表候选人能力的行为，并且可以被有效地和可靠地得分(休斯，1991，pg。101)。虽然说这看起来既简单又自然，但实际上，这是一项非常复杂的技能，有几个阶段要遵循。从概念的概念化，我们必须把这个想法转换成语言。这是通过词汇和语法知识完成的。通过这些知识，我们能够形成句子和短语，以表达我们的想法。一旦我们有了基本的词汇，句子和短语，这些词就会被转换成声音或表达。这就是一个非语言的想法变成实际的口头表达。你就会知道,当我们说我们不断监测以确保演讲持续平稳的流动,这是通过我们的内部访问是否词汇,语法和语调等。当我们说所有这些阶段都是自动完成,自然我是为什么可以如此具有挑战性的学习者。如果一个学习者缺乏词汇和分析知识，那么他们对该词汇或语法的检索可能会花更长的时间，从而导致对任务或问题的自然或自动反应，或通过较长时间的停顿和犹豫。我们必须确保测试包含了所有的有效性和可靠性，以产生一个更全面、更全面的结果。
加拿大人权学代写论文:演讲任务
We must provide different speaking tasks which activate our different speaking processes. The tasks should elicit behaviour which truly represents the candidates' ability and which can be scored validly and reliably (Hughes, 1991, pg. 101). Although speaking can seem both simple and natural it is, in fact, a very complex skill with several stages to follow. From the conceptualisation of an idea we must then convert that idea into language. This is done through both lexical and grammatical knowledge. Through this knowledge we are able to form sentences and phrases in order to vocalise our idea. Once we have the essential words, sentences and phrases these are then changed into sound or articulated. This is how a non-verbal idea becomes an actual verbal expression. As you will know, when we speak we are constantly monitoring ourselves in order to ensure the flow of speech continues smoothly, whether this be through our internal access to vocabulary, grammar or intonation, etc. When we speak all of these stages are completed automatically and naturally this is why speaking can be so challenging for learners. If a learner lacks both lexical and analytical knowledge their retrieval of that vocabulary or grammar may well take longer causing a less natural or automatic response to a task or question through longer pauses and hesitations.We must then ensure that testing incorporates all manner of validity and reliability in order to produce a rounded and more thorough outcome.
