让我们开始我们的简短讨论科学哲学的认识论和方法论之间用一个简单的区别。认识论这个词来自于希腊语知识,他们对知识的术语。简而言之,认识论的哲学知识或我们如何来知道。方法也是关心我们如何认识,但更实用。方法是集中在特定的方式,我们可以使用的方法——试图更好地理解我们的世界。认识论和方法论是密切相关的:前者涉及到我们如何认识世界的哲学,后者涉及到实践。当大多数人在我们的社会科学思考,思考一些家伙穿白大褂的工作实验室化学物质混合起来。他们认为科学是无聊的,没有生气的,他们认为科学家是狭隘的和深奥的(最终的书呆子——认为幽默但疯狂科学家在《回到未来》电影,例如)。我们的很多有关科学的刻板印象来自一个时期,科学是由一个特定的哲学——实证主义倾向于支持这些观点。在这里,我想说(不管什么电影行业可能认为),科学已经在其思考后实证的时代,许多科学家不再持有的刻板印象。
加拿大留学生论文代写:回到未来
Let’s start our very brief discussion of philosophy of science with a simple distinction between epistemology and methodology. The term epistemology comes from the Greek word epistêmê, their term for knowledge. In simple terms, epistemology is the philosophy of knowledge or of how we come to know. Methodology is also concerned with how we come to know, but is much more practical in nature. Methodology is focused on the specific ways — the methods — that we can use to try to understand our world better. Epistemology and methodology are intimately related: the former involves the philosophy of how we come to know the world and the latter involves the practice.When most people in our society think about science, they think about some guy in a white lab coat working at a lab bench mixing up chemicals. They think of science as boring, cut-and-dry, and they think of the scientist as narrow-minded and esoteric (the ultimate nerd — think of the humorous but nonetheless mad scientist in the Back to the Future movies, for instance). A lot of our stereotypes about science come from a period where science was dominated by a particular philosophy — positivism — that tended to support some of these views. Here, I want to suggest (no matter what the movie industry may think) that science has moved on in its thinking into an era of post-positivism where many of those stereotypes of the scientist no longer hold up.