将理论付诸实践，许多研究探索并建立了有问题的智能手机使用和广泛性焦虑之间的关系。Jenaro、Flores、Gomez-Vela、Gonzalez-Gil和Caballo(2007)使用Beck的抑郁量表、Beck的焦虑量表和一般健康问卷-28等测量方法，对来自西班牙一所大学的337名参与者进行了研究。研究人员发现，与非临床焦虑和轻度使用手机相比，临床焦虑和大量使用手机之间存在显著的关系。有趣的是，女性过度使用手机的可能性几乎是男性的两倍。虽然Lee等人(2018)使用青少年作为样本人口，但这项研究也揭示了重要的性别差异。研究人员感兴趣的是电脑和智能手机在使用上的区别，他们感兴趣的是双重问题组、问题互联网组、问题智能手机组和健康组。尽管在杰纳罗及其同事的研究(2007年)中，女性更有可能过度使用手机，但在这项研究中，女性不太可能同时拥有两个用户:过度使用互联网和智能手机。研究结果还显示了大脑活动的差异。女性在大脑左额叶区域表现出更高的激活，因此，表现出更高的认知控制能力。因此，女性可能更容易过度使用手机，而且只使用手机。
加拿大IT论文代写 智能手机
Putting theory into action, many studies have explored and established a relationship between problematic smartphone use and generalized anxiety. Jenaro, Flores, Gómez-Vela, González-Gil, and Caballo (2007) examine this relationship with 337 participants from a university in Spain using measures such as Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, and the General Health Questionnaire-28. The researchers found there was a significant relationship between clinical anxiety and heavy cell-phone use, as opposed to non-clinical anxiety and light cell-phone use. Interestingly, females were almost twice as likely as males to overuse their cell-phones. While Lee et al. (2018) uses adolescents as their sample population, this study also sheds light on important gender differences. The researchers are interested in differences in use with computers compared to smartphones, and their groups of interest are the dual-problem group, problematic internet group, problematic smartphone group, and a healthy group. Although females in Jenaro and colleagues’ study (2007) were more likely to overuse their cell-phones, females in this study are less likely to be dual-users: those that overuse the internet and their smartphones. The findings also show differences in brain activation. Females showed higher activation in left frontal regions of the brain and, thus, exhibit higher cognitive control. Therefore, females may be more prone to overuse their cell-phones and exclusively their cell-phones.
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